What can precipitate DKA?

What can precipitate DKA?

The most common precipitating factor in the development of DKA or HHS is infection. Other precipitating factors include cerebrovascular accident, alcohol abuse, pancreatitis, myocardial infarction, trauma, and drugs.

What are the diagnostic criteria for DKA?

The diagnostic criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis are:

• ketonaemia 3 mmol /l and over or significant ketonuria (more than 2 + on standard urine sticks)
• blood glucose over 11 mmol /l or known diabetes mellitus.
• venous bicarbonate (HCO3 ) ) below 15 mmol /l and /or venous pH less than 7.3 (1)

What is the most common cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?

DKA is a state of absolute or relative insulin deficiency aggravated by ensuing hyperglycemia, dehydration, and acidosis-producing derangements in intermediary metabolism. The most common causes are underlying infection, disruption of insulin treatment, and new onset of diabetes.

Does hyperglycemia cause DKA?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute metabolic complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. Hyperglycemia causes an osmotic diuresis with significant fluid and electrolyte loss. DKA occurs mostly in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Who are the most likely patients to present with DKA?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common hyperglycemic emergency in patients with diabetes mellitus. DKA most often occurs in patients with type 1 diabetes, but patients with type 2 diabetes are susceptible to DKA under stressful conditions, such as trauma, surgery, or infections.

What blood test indicates ketoacidosis?

A ketones in blood test is mostly used to check for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in people with diabetes.

Is diabetic ketoacidosis a painful death?

Symptoms include sunken eyes, rapid breathing, headache, muscle aches, severe dehydration, weak peripheral pulses, nausea, stomach pain and cramping, vomiting, semi or unconsciousness, cerebral edema, coma and death. DKA is a horrendously painful way to die.

Who are the joint British Diabetes Societies ( JBDS )?

The JBDS–IP group was created and supported by Diabetes UK, ABCD and the Diabetes Inpatient Specialist Nurse (DISN) UK group, and works with NHS England, TREND-UK and with other professional organisations. A SurveyMonkey of JBDS-IP guidelines undertaken at the end of 2012 revealed:

Who are the core members of the JBDS?

These are the most up to date JBDS guidelines. All previous versions have been archived. Please ensure you are using the most up to date guidelines because they may have changed. The core members of JBDS-IP (listed below) include diabetes consultants and diabetes specialist nurses from across the UK, with all 4 nations represented.

How is 3-beta hydroxybutyrate used in the treatment of DKA?

Near patient testing for 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate is now readily available for the monitoring of the abnormal metabolite allowing for a shift away from using glucose levels to drive treatment decisions in the management of DKA. These guidelines have been developed to reflect the development in technology and reflect new practice in the UK.

How is ketoacidosis treated in diabetics with DKA?

Until recently, management of DKA has focussed on lowering the elevated blood glucose with fluids and insulin, using arterial pH and serum bicarbonate to assess metabolic improvement. This is based on the assumption that this would efficiently suppress ketogenesis and reverse acidosis.